Cars and trucks manufactured until the mid 1970s use point-style ignition systems. Measuring and adjusting the dwell angle of the contact points was a Circuit Tester ADD210 that had to be taken during a major tuneup on those cars and trucks.

1

Look up the ignition specifications for the vehicle that you are working on in the service manual. Most vehicles are available with several different engines, so make sure that you are reading the dwell angle specifications for the engine in your vehicle.

2

Start the engine and let it idle until it has reached normal operating Multimeter ADD91. Wipe the dirt, and the grease off the positive and negative terminals on the ignition coil with a shop rag while the engine is heating up to its normal operating temperature. The positive and negative terminals can be identified with a "+" and "-" sign stamped beside them, or a "Pos" and "Neg" stamped beside them.

3

Set the voltage selector switch to the 12-volt position. Most tach-dwell meters are designed to be used on either 6 volt or 12-volt automotive systems. Set the function switch to the "Dwell" position. Most dwell meters are combined with tachometers used to measure engine RPM. Set the cylinder selection switch for the correct number of cylinders -- 4, 6 or 8 cylinders.

4

Connect the alligator clip on the red, positive test lead of the dwell meter to the positive terminal on the ignition coil. Connect the alligator clip on the ADD350 Noise Finder, negative test lead to the negative terminal on the ignition coil or to any convenient metal ground on the engine.

5

Hold the dwell meter so you are looking directly at the meter's pointer for an accurate reading. Note the reading and compare it what is specified in the service manual.

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An on-board diagnostics scanner saves time when troubleshooting problems with a vehicle's engine. The vehicle's computer runs a series of Auto Testing Tools and checks on the engine. Once a problem crops up, the computer issues a code and classifies the problem as "pending." A good scanner not only retrieves trouble codes, but identifies pending ones too.

1

Some scanners power up by themselves and automatically retrieve codes, while others must be manually switched on with a "retrieve" command entered. Some only display codes, while others can interact with a computer through a USB cable. Also, while acquainting yourself with a scanner and its manual, bookmark the lists of OBD-II code definitions. You will need to reference them.

2

Find the diagnostic data link connection in your Ignition System ADD790. For most vehicles, this is found beneath the dashboard and between the gas pedal and left panel. In some vehicles, this outlet is exposed, while others are not. You are looking for a 16-pin receptor port usually molded out of black plastic.

3

Hook your scanner up to the diagnostic data connection. Slight variations in performing tests will start here because of differences in OBD-II scanners. The following are general steps to complete a test.

4

Turn on your vehicle. Some scanners will require only power, but others might need Spark Indicator ADD730 cranked. If you are using a scanner that does not feature an "auto-on," switch it on and key in a "retrieve" command. It will take a second for codes to appear on the scanner.

5

Scroll through the codes and differentiate between what is "trouble" and what is "pending." Always attend to trouble codes first. Consult the scanner's manual for coding definitions. Many scanners' manuals, however, only have generic codes that apply to all OBD-II vehicles. Manufacturers have supplemental codes particular to their vehicles. If you cannot find the code description in a manual, you might need to search for the definitions online.

6

Turn off the scanner and vehicle. Open the hood and look into the engine compartment to examine areas that need further scrutiny. However, if the ADD71reported something unfamiliar, take the vehicle to a mechanic.

Notice:

Some automotive retailers and service shops will lend their scanner free. Many, however, will charge for their services. Owning a OBD-II scanner can save money on diagnostic fees.

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The oxygen sensor's job is to compare the potential difference between the Digital Multimeter ADD81 around the exhaust and the oxygen content present in the exhaust stream. Follow these steps to replace the sensor or sensors on your Dodge Ram.

Remove the Oxygen Sensor

1

Turn on the engine and let it idle for about three minutes.

2

Raise the front of your Dodge Ram using a floor jack and safely support it with two jack stands.

3

Typical automotive oxygen sensor.

Locate the sensor(s) by following the ADD71and back exhaust pipes connected to the catalytic converter. You will find a sensor on each side of the converter. If your particular model is equipped with double catalytic converter, there should be another pair of sensors attached to the second unit. These sensors have a cylindrical body about the size of a spark plug, and will have a tail wire and an electrical connector.

4

Unplug the oxygen sensor's electrical connector.

5

Unscrew the oxygen sensor using a box-end wrench or ratchet, ratchet extension and oxygen sensor socket. Remove the sensor from the vehicle.

Install a New Oxygen Sensor

6

Apply a light coat of anti-seize compound to the threads of the new oxygen sensor. This will make it easy to remove the next time and prevent the threads from being damage. Make sure to keep your fingers, dirt and other contaminants off the tip of the Spark Plug ADD770, which may interfere with its proper operation.

7

Hand-start the sensor in place to prevent thread damage.

8

Tighten the sensor using the box-end wrench or ratchet, ratchet extension and oxygen sensor socket, but do not over-tighten.

9

Plug the oxygen sensor's electrical connector.

10

Replace the next sensor, if necessary, by following Step 3 from the previous section through Step 4 of this section.

Notice:

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Ignition coils send electricity from the distributor into the spark plug to make the car run. Ignition coils are well known for failing after a period of Spark Plug ADD770. Testing them to ensure that they are working is a quick process that can be done in five to 10 minutes.

Testing For Spark

A properly maintained car should operate with a steady range of about 1,000 RPMs. If, while the car is idle, the car's RPMs dip or the check engine light comes on or Interface V119, this is a sign of a misfire. A misfire could mean there is something wrong with either a spark plug or the ignition coil. The ignition coil is the part which plugs into the valve cover on the top of the engine and runs back to the spark plug wires. Dependent on the car, there will be anywhere from four to 12 plug wires. This will all vary on the engine size.

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German car maker BMW has been making vehicles for over 90 years. They feature the latest technology and many of their premium cars come with a BMW ICOM A+B+C Software built in as standard. It is always advisable to ensure the map DVD that the in-dash GPS unit uses is upgraded at least once a year. This will mean you have the latest road maps to navigate to.

1

Ensure that you have the right disc for your BMW; cars made before 2002 feature a CD-based maps system and cars made after 2002 feature a DVD-based MicronasOBDTOOL.

2

Locate the nearest BMW dealer using the web or Yellow Pages. Call and order the latest DVD/CD for your BMW.

3

Push the "Open" button on the car's in-dash GPS unit once the latest version of the DVD/CD has been delivered. Wait for the unit to eject the SBB Key Programmer.

4

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The system of the 2005 Chevy Malibu is equipped to hold up to four fobs in its memory, so if you wanted to add two more, the options are limited for programming new Launch X431 GX3. Taking the new fobs to a GM dealership or a pro automotive locksmith are the logical options. However, spending a bit of cash can provide you with the ability to program any GM key fobs that come your way.

Using the Tech 2 Scan Tool

1

Purchase the GM Tech 2 Scan Tool. This item is not cheap, running around $2,000 new as of spring of 2010. It is, however, good for more than reprogramming key fobs. You can find it at most auto parts stores.

2

Connect the Tech 2 to your Malibu. With both the scanmaster elm 2.1 and your vehicle off connect the Tech 2 to the DLC connector, which is located under your steering wheel to the left.

3

Power on then select "Request Info". Turn on the Tech 2, then the Malibu. On the main menu of the Tech 2, select "Service Programming System". After that, there is an option for 'Request Info', which you should select.

4

Follow the onscreen instructions. The device will run you through the steps in order to find your vehicle's VIN number. After which, power the device down and then your vehicle.

Transfer Data

5

Connect your Tech 2 to a PC. The device should have come with the proper adapters to attach the Tech 2 to the PC. Do so now, with the device off.

6

Launch the TIS, which should show up as an icon on the PC's desktop.

7

Select 'Select Diagnostic Tool', which will give you another set of options to select, 'Reprogram ECU' and then 'Select ECU Location'. Finally, select 'Vehicle'. Confirm SBB Key Programmer. After following the directions, a Validate VIN screen will come up. For 'Supported Controllers' select 'Normal'. Select the appropriate selections. The next step will walk you through a few basic questions about your vehicle on the Calibration screen. Select any that apply.

8

Download the new calibration. After the summary of everything so far, it will begin an automatic download.

9

Read the instruction that come up. After the calibration is complete, instructions of what to do next will be posted. Close out the program and power down the device.

Reprogramming

10

Connect the Tech 2 to your Malibu, once more. With both devices off, connect the two and then power on the Tech 2 first, followed by the Malibu.

11

Select 'Service Programming Service'. On the Launch X431main menu, select this and then go to 'Program ECU'. This will show new programming data.

12

Follow the instructions. It will walk you through programming your new key fobs. Follow each step.

13

Complete process. While programming, the display will read 'Programming in Process'. Do not power down either the car or device at this point. Wait until the device reads 'Programming Was Successful' to be sure it is safe to disconnect.

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Out-of-sale systems, and some private computer systems used heavily for online shopping, rely on bar codes to quickly, easily and accurately identify product information. Most bar code scanners come with universal serial bus interfaces for easy connection to the MaxiDAS DS708, though some older models may still require a serial port for connection. This article will review the steps of connecting both USB and serial bar code scanners.

Installing a USB Bar Code Scanner

1

Locate the USB connector on the bar code scanner. Bar code scanners, like other computer peripherals, connect to the computer by way of a data cable. At the end of the data cable, most likely opposite the scanner itself, should be a small rectangle-shaped plastic and metal connector. This connector is the USB terminal that will plug in to the computer's USB port.

2

Locate the USB port on the computer. The USB port, whether on the computer or a peripheral device, will be rectangular in shape and feature either the letters "U S B" or a small network diagram showing two circles, a square, and an arrow.

3

Connect the USB cable to the computer or peripheral device. Once the USB connector and port have been identified, push the USB connector firmly but gently into the available USB port. USB connectors are keyed so that they can only be inserted the MicronasOBDTOOL; if you feel solid resistance while inserting the USB connector, remove the connector from the port, turn it over and plug it in.

4

Install bar-code reading software. While the bar code scanner can scan the bar code into the machine, software must decipher the meaning of the code. Bar code scanners, if purchased new, should include a version of proprietary bar code software compatible with your scanner. If your scanner did not come with software, or if it is missing the installation disc, bar code software may be purchased on the Internet from sites like WaspBarcode.com.

Installing a Serial Bar Code Scanner

5

Locate the serial connector on the bar code scanner. Bar code scanners, like other peripherals, connect to the computer by way of a data cable. At the end of the serial cable should be a rectangular, typically male connector.

The cable may be pinned with nine, sixteen, or more pins depending on the design of the scanner.

6

Locate the serial port on the computer. Most computers have at least one serial port, usually found on the back of the machine. The MaxiDiag PRO MD801 will be female, maybe blue in color, rectangular in shape, and should be approximately the same size as the serial connector.

7

Connect the serial cable to the computer or connected peripheral. When both the connector and port have been identified, push the serial connector firmly but gently into the port. Like USB connectors, serial connectors are keyed so that they can only be inserted the correct way; if you feel solid resistance while inserting the connector, remove the connector from the port, turn it over and plug it in. Do not use excessive force while pushing on the serial connector, as it is possible to bend the connecting pins and damage the connector.

8

Install bar-code reading software. While the MaxiScan US703 can scan the bar code into the machine, software must interpret the meaning of the code. Bar code scanners, if purchased new, should include a version of proprietary bar code software compatible with your specific scanner. If your scanner did not come with software, or if it is missing the installation disc, bar code software may be purchased on the Internet from sites like WaspBarcode.com.

Notice:

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Every time Apple Computer releases a new version of its operating system, SBB Key Programmer, along with the excitement it generates among Mac users, there also is a looming sense of dread. This has occurred practically since the first system software revisions. Hardware changes also make a difference.

Epson

Epson has typically supported Macintosh computers with each peripheral it produces, specifically scanners and printers. At the higher end, the company produces the Epson Perfection V600 Photo Scanner, which works with Snow Leopard. While it is a good scanner, it has a limited light source for scanning negatives and slides and does not cover the x-100+ key programmer.. At the lower end, the Epson Perfection V33 flatbed scanner also works with Snow Leopard. It does not allow for transparency scanning, however.

HP

Hewlett-Packard has sometimes flip-flopped on its support for the Mac OS in its products. It does provide some models that will work with Snow Leopard. For example, the low-end HP Scanjet G3110 photo scanner works and provides reflected-only AUTOCOM PRO. You cannot scan transparencies with it. The HP Scanjet 8300 Professional Image Scanner, at the other end of the price spectrum, does allow for all types of scanning and includes a light source in the lid to allow slide and negative scanning.

Kodak

All of Kodak's scanners work with Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard, but they all are all-in-one printers, scanners and copiers. That means none of them will scan transparencies. On the high end, the Kodak ESP 9250, with wireless connectivity and the Kodak two-cartridge ink system, will work fine. The low-end Kodak C310 uses different ink cartridges, but only two of them, and it allows Wi-Fi connectivity as well.

Canon

Canon has made peripherals that work with Apple Macintosh computers for many years, from a whole line of printers to a wide variety of Autocom CDP Pro. Among those scanners that work with Snow Leopard is the CanoScan LiDE110.

This type scanner is a small home model that scans only reflected documents and photos. The CanoScan 9000F scanner, at the company's higher price end, scans reflected documents, too, but adds an overhead light source to allow negative and slide scanning. Neither of these scanners connects wirelessly.

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Programmers work on PLCs to ensure they can operate functionality such as other computers, assembly lines and track lighting in large spaces. PLC programming may seem like learning a X-100 Programmer; there are a variety of ways to learn how to start speaking PLC, including both self-paced study and instruction from expert PLC programmers.

1

Enroll in a community college course on PLC programming. Options such as obd2 tool’s introductory "Programmable Controllers” class teach topics such as input and output types, flow charting, PLC processor types, memory addressing, interfacing air valves, logic and math, continuously running processors and bit-shift data movement.

2

Read through a text book such as "Programmable Logic Controllers” by W. Bolton, "Introduction to BMW ICOM A+B+C Software” by Jay F. Hooper, "Technician’s Guide to Programmable Controllers” by Richard A. Cox and Terry Borden, "Programmable Logic Controller Tutorial” by Philip Tubbs or "The PLC Workbook: Programmable Logic Controllers Made Easy” by K. Clements Jewery and W. Jeffcoat. Purchase a book with many controller illustrations, blue prints and step-by-step instructions.

3

Complete an online or home-based PLC programming certificate course, such as the one offered by George Brown College. The program is estimated to be completed in 32 weeks and covers topics such as the central processing unit, digital logic and advanced programming TMS370 Programmer. Depending on the program, a high school diploma may be required. Various computer peripherals are also required, such as a minimum of 32 MB RAM, sound card, Internet access, 100 MB free disk space and CD-ROM, since the course is completed online.

4

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OTC is a popular brand of electronic diagnostic tools for cars and trucks. OTC diagnostic scan tools utilize a mini computer to determine MaxiDAS DS708, identify and diagnose problems in your vehicle. OTC diagnostic scans have a variety of uses and features. Some tools are designed for American cars only, while other tools work in both U.S. and foreign cars and trucks.

1000V CAT III Hybrid Multimeter

The OTC 1000V CAT III Hybrid Multimeter, performs a diagnostic scan for hybrid and Electric Vehicles. The MaxiScan US703 conducts an insulation test, which is used to test for voltage leaks in the vehicle. Features of the 1000V CAT III include: auto ranging, continuity buzzer, hybrid insulation resistance test, true RMS, a diode test, data hold, data logging, low battery display, display backlight, min/max mode and sleep mode. The 1000V CAT III kit comes with a short lead, K Type temperature adapter and leads with alligator clips.

3494 OTC AutoCode

3494 OTC AutoCode is a diagnostic tool that scans your vehicle's computer and retrieves diagnostic trouble codes, leading you to the problem area in your vehicle. Since different cars have different types of computers, based on their year of manufacturer. The 3494 OTC AutoCode is specifically intended for use on all U.S. model obd2 tool and CAN compliant cars and light trucks, model year 1996 to the current year.

HD Scan Tool

OTC makes a product called an HD Scan Tool. The HD Scan performs trouble code diagnosis and comes with a special accompanying kit for further diagnosis. The HD Scan kit includes: a USB cable, an OBD II cable, a nine-pin deutsch cable, a six-pin deutsch cable, a heavy-duty cable, ScanMate software operations manual, and a three-Year Warranty.

Nemisys USA 2007 Domestic Scan Kit

A MaxiScan FR704 carried by OTC is the Nemisys USA 2007 Domestic Scan Tool. In addition to featuring a bright color display, the OTC Nemisys comes with a comprehensive kit. The kit comes with all cables, including specialized cables for Ford, GM and Chrysler. In addition to performing diagnostic scan on American cars, the Nemisys has Asian OBD I & OBD II coverage as well.

Two unique functions of Nemisys are its on-screen definitions of diagnostic trouble codes and the fact that it is Internet upgradeable.

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The 2006 Expedition is Ford Motor Company’s full-size sport utility vehicle for the ’06 model year. The SUV is a bit larger than the F150 pickup but employs a very similar-sized four-wheel disc brake system. Due to the size of the Expedition, the brake pads endure more punishment than those on smaller vehicles. Expeditions also put off Ford KM Tool brake dust, so make sure to clean the dust away before digging into this job.

1

Loosen the lug nuts on all four wheels using the lug wrench. Don’t take them off the studs yet, but make sure they’re loose enough to remove by hand when the time comes.

2

Place the wheel chocks in front of and behind the left-rear wheel. Lift the front end of the Expedition with the floor jack and lower it onto the jack stands after placing the stands under the front frame.

3

Remove the lug nuts and tires from the front of Launch X431 Master. Move the drip pan under the brake assembly in the right front and thoroughly clean it with brake cleaner spray to remove the brake dust.

4

Unbolt the brake caliper with the socket set, lift it off the rotor and pull the brake pads out of it by hand. Clean the inside of the caliper using the brake cleaner. Lubricate the caliper slide pins with the white lithium grease.

5

Force the caliper pistons to retract using the caliper piston tool and then insert the brake pads into the caliper. Place the caliper back over the rotor and then bolt it back down in reverse of how you removed it.

6

Reinstall the front wheels and lug nuts by obd2 tool and then repeat steps three through five on the left front.

7

Lower the front end off the jack stands. Move the wheel chocks to the front and rear of the left-front wheel. Lift the rear end of the Expedition with the floor jack, place the jack stands under the rear axle near the leaf spring shackles and then lower the SUV onto the jack stands.

8

Remove the rear lug nuts and wheels by hand.

9

Perform steps three through five on the right rear and then the left rear of the Expedition.

10

Reinstall the rear wheels and lug nuts. Lower the Expedition off the jack stands and then tighten all four sets of lug nuts to 140 ft-lbs. using the Launch CReader VI.

Notice:

It's always a good idea to resurface or replace the brake rotors every time you perform a brake job. While it isn't absolutely necessary to do so, you will ensure the brake pads wear properly through their entire service life by doing so.

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Most Volkswagen vehicles use "switchblade" keys and key fobs. The process for programming these remotes is the same, no matter what VAG PROG you have. You must have at least one programmed key fob to program another one to your Volkswagen; if you don't, visit your local dealer for options.

1

Insert the key you want to program into the ignition. Turn it to the "On" position, but do not crank the obd2 tool.

2

Step out of your Volkswagen and close the driver's door. Insert your primary key into the door lock; turn it to the right to manually lock the door. Remove the key.

3

Press the "Unlock" button on the key fob. Wait one second, and then press the "Unlock" button again.

4

Turn the ignition off and remove the key. The key fob will now be programmed to the vehicle.

Notice：

Your Volkswagen vehicle stores up to ELM327 WIFI in its memory. If you are programming a third remote, you'll need to press "Unlock" three times, rather than two times. If you are programming a fourth key fob, you'll need to press "Unlock" four times.

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Some people don't know it but you can't just get a regular key cut and have it work in your new car. Cars are now equipped with a system that requires the Launch X431 GDSto be programmed so that it will work in your ignition. If you go to the dealer it can cost you in upwards of $200. Well follow these steps to program your transponder key for less than $20.

1

First you will need to buy the transponder key. You can purchase a key at your local dealer at a high price, or you can order one off of eBay for under $20. Simply go to eBay and type in your vehicle year and transponder key.

The transponder key should look like your current GM or Chevy transponder chip key.

2

Now you will need to have the key cut. Most places will not cut Godiag T300 that have a chip in them. You can go around this by going to a hardware store that cuts keys and see someone you know that will cut the key for you. You can also go to a 24-hour retail store that cuts keys. If you go in late at night after hours, you can probably find someone to cut the transponder key. If you can not find anyone to cut the key, call a locksmith, they will cut it for you for a cheaper price than the dealer.

3

Now that you have your new cut key it is time to program it. Remember that these steps are for GM and CHEVY transponder keys only. All other makes have a different process or can only be programmed by the dealer.

First take the original key that is already programmed and stick it in the ignition. Turn the key to run but do not start the vehicle. Wait until the security light goes off and then remove the key from the ignition.

4

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